Food Consumption and Risk of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes in Children at Increased Genetic Susceptibility for Type 1 Diabetes - Centre for Population Health Research (POPC) - A joint centre by the University of Turku and the municipal authority of the Hospital District of Southwest Finland. The goal of Centre for Population Health Research is to promote health and well-being of society by enhancing research and development work on clinical-epidemiological population research.

J Nutr. 2024 Sep 21:S0022-3166(24)01035-6. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.018. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Prospective longitudinal evidence considering the entire childhood food consumption in relation to development of islet autoimmunity (IA or) type 1 diabetes is lacking.

OBJECTIVES: We studied the associations of consumption of various foods and their combinations with IA and type 1 diabetes risk.

METHODS: Children with genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes born in 1996-2004 were followed from birth up to 6 years of age in the prospective birth cohort Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention Study (n=5674). Exposure variables included 34 food groups covering the entire diet based on repeated 3-day food records at age 3 months to 6 years. Endpoints were islet cell antibodies (ICA) plus biochemical IA (n=247), multiple biochemical IA (n=206), and type 1 diabetes (n=94). We analyzed associations between longitudinally observed foods and the risk of IA/type 1 diabetes using a Bayesian approach to joint models in one-food and multi-food models adjusted for energy intake, sex, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype, and familial diabetes.

RESULTS: The final multi-food model for ICA plus biochemical IA included oats [hazard ratio (HR) 1.09, 95% credible interval (CI) 1.04-1.14], banana (HR 1.07, 95% CI 1.03-1.11), and cruciferous vegetables (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.73-0.94). The final model for multiple biochemical IA included, in addition to above-mentioned foods, fermented dairy (HR 1.42, 95% CI 1.12-1.78) and wheat (HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.03-1.18). The final multi-food model for type 1 diabetes included rye (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.07-1.50), oats (HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.03-1.26), fruits (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.09), and berries (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.50-0.93).

CONCLUSIONS: Higher consumption of oats, gluten-containing cereals, and fruits was associated with increased and that of cruciferous vegetables with decreased risk of several type 1 diabetes related endpoints when considering all the foods in combination. Further etiological and mechanistic studies are warranted.

PMID:39313195 | DOI:10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.018