Fruit, berry, and vegetable consumption and the risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes in children - The DIPP birth cohort study - Centre for Population Health Research (POPC) - A joint centre by the University of Turku and the municipal authority of the Hospital District of Southwest Finland. The goal of Centre for Population Health Research is to promote health and well-being of society by enhancing research and development work on clinical-epidemiological population research.

Am J Clin Nutr. 2023 Dec 22:S0002-9165(23)66347-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.12.014. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Prospective studies investigating the association between fruit, berry, and vegetable consumption and the risk of islet autoimmunity (IA) and type 1 diabetes (T1D) are few.

OBJECTIVE: In this cohort study, we explored whether the consumption of fruits, berries, and vegetables is associated with the IA and T1D development in genetically susceptible children.

METHODS: Food consumption data in the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) cohort study was available from 5,674 children born between September 1996 and September 2004 in the Oulu and Tampere University Hospitals. Diet was assessed with 3-day food records at the age of 3 and 6 months, and annually from 1 to 6 years. The association between food consumption and the risk of IA and T1D was analyzed using joint models adjusted for energy intake, sex, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype, and family history of diabetes.

RESULTS: During the 6-year follow-up, 247 children (4.4%) developed IA and 94 (1.7%) T1D. Furthermore, 64 out of 505 children with at least one repeatedly positive autoantibody (12.7%) progressed from islet autoantibody positivity to T1D. The consumption of cruciferous vegetables was associated with decreased risk of IA (hazard ratio [HR] 0.83; 95% credible intervals [CI] 0.72, 0.95, per 1 g/megajoule increase in consumption) and the consumption of berries with decreased risk of T1D (0.60; 0.47, 0.89). The consumption of banana was associated with increased risk of IA (1.08; 1.04, 1.12) and T1D (1.11; 1.01, 1.21). Only the association between banana and IA remain significant after multiple testing correction.

CONCLUSIONS: In children genetically at risk for T1D, the consumption of cruciferous vegetables was associated with decreased risk of IA and consumption of berries with decreased risk of T1D. in addition, the consumption of banana was associated with increased risk of IA and T1D.

PMID:38142920 | DOI:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.12.014

Fruit, berry, and vegetable consumption and the risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes in children – The DIPP birth cohort study